1 Which of the following physical quantities is a derived quantity? flag bookmark A Length B Mass C Time D Velocity T4 Chapter 1.1 Physical Quantities Velocity is a derived quantity because it is calculated from two base quantities: length divided by time. Length, mass, and time are all base quantities.
2 Diagram 1 shows a distance against time graph for the motion of a trolley. Based on the graph in Diagram 1, what is the relationship between distance and time? flag bookmark A Distance increases when time increases. B Distance increase linearly with time. C Distance is directly proportional with time. D Distance remains constant when time increases. T4 Chapter 2.2 Linear Motion Graphs The straight line passes through the origin, so distance is directly proportional to time.
3 Diagram 2 shows a man riding a motorcycle with an initial velocity, u = 10 m s⁻¹, and uniform acceleration, a = 2 m s⁻² for a time, t = 2 seconds. What is the final velocity v, of the motorcycle? flag bookmark A 10 m s⁻¹ B 14 m s⁻¹ C 25 m s⁻¹ D 30 m s⁻¹ T4 Chapter 2.1 Linear Motion Use v = u + at. So v = 10 + (2)(2) = 14 m s⁻¹. The motorcycle speeds up by 4 m s⁻¹ over 2 seconds, giving a final velocity of 14 m s⁻¹.
4 Diagram 3 shows two characteristics of safety vehicles. Why is a crumple zone used at the front part of a vehicle? flag bookmark A To increase the momentum of the car during collision. B To shorten the collision time so that force increases. C To lengthen the collision time so that the acting force decreases. D To reduce the mass of the car so that velocity increases. T4 Chapter 2.7 Impulse and Impulsive Force A crumple zone lengthens the collision time, which reduces the impact force acting on the occupants.
5 Diagram 4 shows a student measuring the weight of a school bag using a spring balance. What is the correct conclusion about the weight of the school bag? flag bookmark A Weight depends on gravitational force. B Weight is the volume of an object. C Weight is always constant everywhere. D Weight and mass are the same quantity. T4 Chapter 2.8 Weight Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, so it depends on the gravitational force. The spring balance measures this force, confirming that weight is not mass or volume.
6 Diagram 5 shows an astronaut standing on two different planets, Planet X and Planet Y. The astronaut finds that the weight of the load his carried is different on both planets. Which of the following is the most importance of knowing the value of gravitational acceleration on each planet in the Solar System? flag bookmark A To determine the colour of the planet's atmosphere. B To calculate the accurate weight of objects on the planet's surface. C To determine the distance of the planet from the Sun. D To determine the surface temperature of the planet. T4 Chapter 2.8 Weight Weight is the product of mass and gravitational acceleration (W = mg). Knowing the gravitational acceleration allows the accurate weight of objects on the planet's surface to be calculated.
7 Diagram 6 shows two planets, Planet A and Planet B, orbiting the Sun at different orbital radius. It is given that Planet B has a longer orbital period than Planet A. Which of the following represents Kepler's Third Law? flag bookmark A T² ∝ r B T ∝ r² C T² ∝ r³ D T ∝ r³ T4 Chapter 3.2 Kepler's Laws Kepler's Third Law states that the square of a planet's orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of its orbital radius, so T² ∝ r³.
8 Diagram 7 shows a rocket launched from the Earth's surface. What is the escape velocity of the rocket from the Earth's surface? [Given the mass of the Earth = 5.56 × 10²⁴ kg and the radius of the Earth, R = 6.37 × 10⁶ m] flag bookmark A 7.92 × 10⁴ m s⁻¹ B 1.12 × 10⁴ m s⁻¹ C 1.93 × 10⁴ m s⁻¹ D 3.12 × 10⁴ m s⁻¹ T4 Chapter 3.3 Man-made Satellites Escape velocity is \(v=\sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}\). Substituting \(G=6.67\times10^{-11}\), \(M=5.56\times10^{24}\) kg and \(R=6.37\times10^6\) m gives \(v \approx 1.12\times10^4\) m s⁻¹.
9 Diagram 8 shows water being heated using an electric heater in a beaker. The water absorbs heat energy and its temperature increases. Which of the following is the correct definition of specific heat capacity, c? flag bookmark A The heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C. B The heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°C. C The heat energy required to change the state of matter of a substance. D The heat energy lost by a substance when it cools down. T4 Chapter 4.2 Specific Heat Capacity Specific heat capacity is defined as the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C, which matches A. B uses 1 g instead of 1 kg, while C and D describe latent heat and heat loss.
10 Diagram 9 shows water being heated by using electrical kettle until it changes into steam. A mass of 0.50 kg of water at 100°C is converted into steam at 100°C. How much heat energy, Q, required? [Given specific latent heat of vaporisation of water, lᵥ = 2.26 × 10⁶ J kg⁻¹] flag bookmark A 1.13 × 10⁶ J B 2.26 × 10⁶ J C 4.52 × 10⁶ J D 9.04 × 10⁵ J T4 Chapter 4.3 Specific Latent Heat Q = mlᵥ = 0.50 × 2.26 × 10⁶ = 1.13 × 10⁶ J. The water is already at 100°C, so no sensible heat is needed—only latent heat of vaporisation.