1 Table 1 shows the information on methods of managing biological waste. Which of the following represents J and K? flag bookmark A J: Petry dish; K: Place into a special bin B J: Hardened agar; K: Sterilise in an autoclave and dispose immediately C J: Blood; K: Decontaminate by autoclave before disposal D J: Animal organ; K: Pack in biohazard plastic bag, sterilise in an autoclave and place into biohazard bin T4 Chapter 1.2 Safety and Rules in Biology Laboratory Syringes are sharps, so K is placing them in a special bin. J is a petri dish, which matches the Category B method.
2 Diagram 1 shows the movement of bolus in the alimentary canal. Which of the following tissues helps facilitate the movement of the bolus along vessel **L**? flag bookmark A B C D T4 Chapter 9.2 Digestion Tissue A is smooth muscle. Its contractions produce peristalsis, which pushes the bolus along the esophagus (L).
3 Diagram 2 shows information on the life processes of two unicellular organisms. Which of the following statements represents **X**? flag bookmark A Carry out sexual reproduction through conjugation B Grow by synthesizing new cytoplasm C Trap food particles using pseudopodium D Excrete undigested food through cell membrane T4 Chapter 2.2 Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms Both Amoeba and Paramecium grow by synthesizing new cytoplasm, which is a common life process for unicellular organisms.
4 What is the structure that remains rigid during plasmolysis? flag bookmark A Vacuole B Cytoplasm C Cell wall D Plasma membrane T4 Chapter 3.3 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms The cell wall is rigid and retains its shape during plasmolysis, while the plasma membrane detaches from it.
5 Diagram 3 shows part of the DNA molecule. What is the pair of nitrogenous bases that represent **X** and **Y**? flag bookmark A X: Guanine; Y: Cytosine B X: Adenine; Y: Thymine C X: Thymine; Y: Adenine D X: Cytosine; Y: Guanine T4 Chapter 4.5 Nucleic Acids Three dotted lines indicate three hydrogen bonds, which only occur between Guanine and Cytosine. X is the purine Guanine, and Y is the pyrimidine Cytosine.
6 A businessman wants to increase the production of apple juice in his factory. However, the juice produced has a low yield, thick texture and cloudy appearance. He reviewed the production process and found that a large amount of pulp remained after filtration. What is the most effective step to solve this problem? flag bookmark A Add more water before and during blending process B Add cellulase into fruit pulp before blending process C Add pectinase into fruit pulp after blending process D Filter the juice in stages using finer filters T4 Chapter 5.3 Application of Enzymes in Daily Life Adding pectinase after blending breaks down pectin, which traps pulp and causes thick, cloudy juice, so the juice becomes clearer and yields more.
7 Which of the following is the importance of meiosis? I Form gametes through the process of gametogenesis II Maintaining the haploid number of chromosomes in cell III Ensure growth occurs continously IV Produce genetic variation in the same species flag bookmark A I and II B II and III C III and IV D I and IV T4 Chapter 6.3 Meiosis Meiosis produces gametes and generates genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment, so I and IV are correct; growth involves mitosis, not meiosis.
8 Wich of the following is the product of respiration process that occurs in muscle cell during vigorous activity? flag bookmark A Water B Ethanol C Lactic acid D Carbon dioxide T4 Chapter 7.3 Fermentation During vigorous activity, oxygen supply is insufficient, so muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration to produce lactic acid.
9 Diagram 4 shows job activity of a man at a workshop. What is the long-term effect of the activity towards the man's health? flag bookmark A Inflammation occurs in the alveoli which reduces the surface area for gas exchange B Bronchioles swell and become thicker making breathing difficult C Bronchioles produce more mucus which partially blocks the gas exchange surface D Alveoli lose some of their elasticity thus reducing lung ventilation T4 Chapter 8.4 Health Issues Related to the Human Respiratory System Paint fumes are irritants that cause the bronchioles to secrete excess mucus, partially blocking the gas exchange surface.
10 A woman has undergone an operation to remove her gallbladder. What is the most appropriate dietary modification suggestion for her? flag bookmark A Increase the consumption of green vegetables B Limit the intake of full-cream milk C Take antacid after every meal D Reduce the intake of white meat such as fish T4 Chapter 9.2 Digestion T4 Chapter 9.7 Health Issues Related to the Digestive System and Eating Habits After gallbladder removal, bile is less concentrated, making high-fat foods like full-cream milk harder to digest. Limiting such intake helps prevent discomfort.