1 Which of the following labelling methods is correct for a biological drawing? flag bookmark A B C D T4 Chapter 1.3 Communicating in Biology Option D is correct because the label line is straight, touches the structure, and has no arrowhead.
2 Diagram 1 shows a type of unicellular organism. What will happen if structure P does not function? flag bookmark A Osmoregulation less occurs B Food particles are less hydrolysed by lysozyme C Conjugation is inhibited when the environment is not suitable D Food particles cannot be trapped during phagocytosis T4 Chapter 2.2 Living Processes in Unicellular Organisms P is the contractile vacuole, responsible for osmoregulation. If it fails to function, excess water cannot be expelled, so osmoregulation less occurs.
3 Which of the following solutions is suitable to be given to an athlete who is fatigued after completing a marathon? flag bookmark A B C T4 Chapter 3.4 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane and Its Application in Daily Life Isotonic drinks supply water, electrolytes, and carbohydrates to rapidly replace fluids lost in sweat and restore energy levels for a fatigued athlete.
4 Diagram 2 shows the genetic code in two types of nucleic acids that is translated into protein. What is process R, nucleic acid S and codon X? flag bookmark A Transcription – mRNA – CCA B Transcription – mRNA – GGU C Translation – DNA – CCU D Translation – DNA – GGU T4 Chapter 4.5 Nucleic Acids Process R is transcription because a DNA template forms nucleic acid S, which is mRNA. Codon X is GGU, complementary to the CCA DNA template.
5 Diagram 3 shows part of the steps in producing fruit juice using immobilised enzymes. What is the purpose of using that enzyme? I Fruit juice produced contains a high nutrient content II Makes the juice clearer by reducing sediment III The concentration of natural sugar in the juice increases IV Increases the volume of juice that can be extracted flag bookmark A I and II B I and III C II and IV D III and IV T4 Chapter 5.3 Application of Enzymes in Daily Life Pectinase breaks down pectin, which clarifies the juice by reducing sediment and releases more juice from the fruit pulp, increasing the volume extracted. It does not raise nutrient content or sugar concentration.
6 Diagram 4 shows an animal cell that is undergoing a cell division. Which of the following shows the number of chromosomes found in the reproductive organ and the gametes of the animal? Reproductive organ – Gamete flag bookmark A 4 – 4 B 4 – 2 C 2 – 4 D 2 – 2 T4 Chapter 6.3 Meiosis The cell in the reproductive organ has 4 chromosomes (diploid). After meiosis, gametes have half this number, so 2 chromosomes.
7 Diagram 5 shows some of the phases during meiosis. Which of the following represents daughter cell X? flag bookmark A B C D T4 Chapter 6.3 Meiosis Daughter cell X has one short and one long chromosome, each with two chromatids, as shown in A.
8 Diagram 6 shows a graph of oxygen content in the muscles after performing vigorous activity. What activity causes the condition at T? flag bookmark A Sprinting B Walking C Reading a book D Fast and deep breathing T4 Chapter 7.3 Fermentation Region T represents the oxygen debt repayment, requiring fast and deep breathing to supply extra oxygen for oxidising lactic acid.
9 Diagram 7 shows the condition of the lung of an individual suffering from a COPD-related disease. What is the effect of the disease on the adaptive features of the alveoli? flag bookmark A The size of the alveolus increases B The alveolus wall becomes thinner C The network of blood capillaries surrounding the alveolus decreases D The surface of the alveolus wall becomes less moist T4 Chapter 8.4 Health Issues Related to the Human Respiratory System COPD destroys the alveolar walls, causing adjacent alveoli to fuse. This increases the size of the individual air spaces.
10 Diagram 8 shows an experiment carry out to study digestion of lipid. What is the purpose of using the detergent in the experiment? flag bookmark A Catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol B Acts as a pH indicator to detect changes in acidity C Emulsifies lipids so that the surface area of the lipids increases D Provides an alkaline medium for the action of lipase enzyme T4 Chapter 9.2 Digestion Detergent acts as an emulsifier, breaking down lipid droplets into smaller ones to increase the surface area for lipase action.