1 Diagram 1 shows a piece of personal protective equipment found in a laboratory. What is the name of the part labeled **A**? flag bookmark A Fume hood B Eyewash station C Emergency shower station T4 Chapter 1.2 Safety and Rules in Biology Laboratory A points to the pair of small nozzles with bowls that direct water upward into the eyes, so the part is an eyewash station. The overhead shower head above it is the emergency shower.
2 Diagram 2 shows a step in preparing onion cell slides. Why does the glass cover need to be placed at a 45° angle slowly? flag bookmark A To prevent the onion epidermis from folding. B To prevent the formation of air bubbles under the glass slide cover. C To avoid drawing iodine drops so that they color the entire onion epidermis. T4 Chapter 2.1 Cell structure and function Placing the cover slip at 45° and lowering it slowly lets air escape, preventing air bubbles from forming under the slide.
3 What are the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction? I Weak muscles II Mental retardation III Vision problems IV Stunted growth flag bookmark A I and II B I and III C II and IV D I and IV T4 Chapter 2.3 Living Process in Multicellular Organisms Mitochondria produce ATP for energy-demanding cells. Weak muscles (I) and vision problems (III) result because muscle and eye/optic-nerve cells rely heavily on ATP, making B correct.
4 Diagram 3 shows a phospholipid bilayer. Which match is correct about the structures of **F** and **G**? flag bookmark A F: Polarized; G: Non polarized B F: Non polarized; G: Polarized C F: Hydrophobic; G: Hydrophilic D F: Not attracted to water; G: Attracted to water T4 Chapter 3.1 Structure of Plasma Membrane F points to the phosphate head, which is polar (charged), while G points to the fatty acid tail, which is non-polar. This matches option A, not the hydrophobic/hydrophilic labels in C and D.
5 Diagram 4 shows the arrangement of the apparatus for an experiment studying the movement of matter through a Visking tube. After 5 minutes, it was found that the final level of the sucrose solution increased. What would be observed if the Visking tube was replaced with ice cream plastic? flag bookmark A The level of sucrose solution does not change B The final level of the sucrose solution increases C The final level of the sucrose solution decreases D The final level of distilled water in the beaker decreases T4 Chapter 3.2 Concept of Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane Ice cream plastic is impermeable to water, so osmosis cannot occur through it. Therefore, the sucrose solution level remains unchanged.
6 Diagram 5 shows the process of polypeptide synthesis that forms proteins. Based on Diagram 5, what would be the effect if DNA breaks down? I Codons are formed II Transcription does not occur III Translation does not occur IV Polypeptide chains are synthesized flag bookmark A I and II B II and III C III and IV D I and IV T4 Chapter 4.5 Nucleic Acids If DNA breaks down, transcription cannot produce mRNA. Without mRNA, translation cannot synthesize the polypeptide chain, so II and III are correct.
7 Diagram 6 shows a graph of energy change for a metabolic reaction with and without the presence of enzymes. A student found that product production increased rapidly when enzymes were added even though the experimental temperature was constant. What is the best explanation for this observation? flag bookmark A Enzymes increase the kinetic energy of the substrate molecule B Enzymes increase the energy content of the product C Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction D Enzymes provide heat energy to the product T4 Chapter 5.2 Enzyme Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing more substrate molecules to react and form product faster at the same temperature.
8 Diagram 7 shows a phase in the mitosis process. What is the function of spindle fibers? flag bookmark A Produce energy for cell division B Control the exchange of materials across the plasma membrane C Form the nuclear membrane during cell division D Pull chromosomes or chromatids to opposite poles of the cell T4 Chapter 6.2 Cell Cycle and Mitosis Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.
9 > A child was born with symptoms such as stunted growth, mental retardation, small eyes and a slightly protruding tongue. Based on the statement, which is the cause of the disease? flag bookmark A Spindle fibers are defective B Homologous chromosomes fail to separate during metaphase I C Sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase II D Fertilization between gametes that have an abnormal number of chromosomes, namely 22+XX and 22+Y T4 Chapter 6.4 Issues of Cell Division on Human Health Failure of sister chromatids to separate in anaphase II produces a gamete with an extra chromosome 21, leading to trisomy 21 and the described symptoms.
10 > Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing organic molecules through several stages to release energy. Based on the statement above, what is the value of the energy produced during aerobic respiration? flag bookmark A 150 kJ B 210 kJ C 2898 kJ D 2989 kJ T4 Chapter 7.2 Aerobic Respiration Complete oxidation of one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration releases approximately 2898 kJ, matching option C.