1 Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of substance X. What is the type of particle of substance X? flag bookmark A Ion B Atom C Molecule T4 Chapter 2.1 Basic Concepts of Matter Substance X is ammonia, NH₃: one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Atoms joined by covalent bonds form a molecule, so its particles are molecules.
2 Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of metal oxide Q. What is metal Q? flag bookmark A Lead B Silver C Copper D Magnesium T4 Chapter 3.3 Chemical Formula The empirical formula of a reactive metal oxide such as magnesium oxide is found by heating the metal in a crucible with the lid lifted now and then. Lead, silver and copper oxides are found by reduction with hydrogen instead.
3 Diagram 3 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. M, N, O and P do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. Which of the following shows correctly the groups for M, N, O and P? flag bookmark A Noble gas: M; Alkaline earth metal: O; Halogen: N; Alkali metal: P B Noble gas: N; Alkaline earth metal: P; Halogen: O; Alkali metal: M C Noble gas: P; Alkaline earth metal: N; Halogen: M; Alkali metal: O D Noble gas: P; Alkaline earth metal: N; Halogen: O; Alkali metal: M T4 Chapter 4.2 The Arrangement in the Periodic Table of Elements M is in Group 1 (alkali metal), N in Group 2 (alkaline earth metal), O in Group 17 (halogen) and P in Group 18 (noble gas). So noble gas P, alkaline earth metal N, halogen O, alkali metal M.
4 Which of the following compounds can form hydrogen bonds? flag bookmark A Hydrogen chloride, $\text{HCl}$ B Hydrogen fluoride, $\text{HF}$ C Hydrogen gas, $\text{H}_2$ D Methane, $\text{CH}_4$ T4 Chapter 5.4 Hydrogen Bond A hydrogen bond forms when hydrogen is bonded to a very electronegative atom (F, O or N). In HF, hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, so HF molecules form hydrogen bonds.
5 Which of the following is a weak acid? flag bookmark A Hydrochloric acid B Sulphuric acid C Ethanoic acid D Nitric acid T4 Chapter 6.3 Strength of Acids and Alkalis Ethanoic acid ionises only partially in water, so it is a weak acid. Hydrochloric, sulphuric and nitric acids ionise completely and are strong acids.
6 The following chemical equation shows a reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acid. $$\text{Mg} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \xrightarrow{\text{CuSO}_4} \text{MgSO}_4 + \text{H}_2$$ Which of the following statements is true about $\text{CuSO}_4$ in the reaction? flag bookmark A Alters the rate of reaction B Increases the quantity of product C Its chemical properties change D The mass of $\text{CuSO}_4$ decreases at the end of the reaction T4 Chapter 7.2 Factors Affecting Rate of Reactions CuSO₄ is written above the arrow, so it acts as a catalyst. A catalyst changes the rate of reaction, but it does not change the quantity of product and stays chemically unchanged with the same mass at the end.
7 Advanced ceramics are made from inorganic compounds such as oxides, carbides and nitrides. Which of the following is made from advanced ceramics? flag bookmark A B C D T4 Chapter 8.3 Composition of Ceramics and Its Uses A brake disc must withstand very high temperatures and wear, so it is made of advanced ceramic. The pewter cup, the railway track and the decorated pot are not advanced ceramics.
8 Which of the following shows a reduction reaction? flag bookmark A A magnesium atom donates electrons to form a magnesium ion B Lead(II) oxide loses oxygen when it reacts with hydrogen gas C Ammonia loses hydrogen to form nitrogen when it reacts with copper(II) oxide D The oxidation number of zinc increases from 0 to +2 T5 Chapter 1.1 Oxidation and Reduction Reduction is the loss of oxygen (or gain of electrons, or decrease in oxidation number). Lead(II) oxide loses oxygen to hydrogen, so it is reduced. The other options describe oxidation.
9 Which of the following substances will undergo chemical changes when electricity is passed through it? flag bookmark A Molten naphthalene B Glucose solution C Solid lead(II) bromide D Potassium nitrate solution T5 Chapter 1.4 Electrolytic Cell Only an electrolyte undergoes chemical change when electricity passes through it. Potassium nitrate solution has free-moving ions. Naphthalene and glucose are non-electrolytes, and solid lead(II) bromide has ions that cannot move.
10 What is the functional group of 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol? flag bookmark A B C D T5 Chapter 2.2 Homologous Series The name ends in '-ol', so 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol is an alcohol. The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group, –OH, attached to a carbon atom (C).