1 Which of the following is a vector quantity? flag bookmark A Energy B Mass C Force D Speed T4 Chapter 1.1 Physical Quantities A vector quantity has magnitude and direction. Force acts in a direction; energy, mass and speed have magnitude only.
2 Diagram 1 shows a mango falling from a tree. Which graph shows the acceleration, a, of the mango against time, t? flag bookmark A B C D T4 Chapter 2.3 Free Fall Motion A falling mango is in free fall (air resistance neglected), so its acceleration is the gravitational acceleration g, which is constant. The a-t graph is a horizontal line.
3 Which of the following has the smallest inertia? flag bookmark A 1.8 kg rabbit B 850 g spanner C 1350 g pan D 1.25 kg microscope T4 Chapter 2.4 Inertia Inertia depends only on mass. The spanner has the smallest mass (850 g = 0.85 kg), so it has the smallest inertia.
4 Diagram 2 shows two boys launching a water rocket. The physics principle applied is flag bookmark A concept of inertia B equilibrium of forces C principle of conservation of energy D principle of conservation of momentum T4 Chapter 2.5 Momentum Water is pushed out of the rocket downward at high speed, and the rocket moves upward with equal and opposite momentum. Total momentum is conserved.
5 **[Bonus]** (Bending the legs only reduces the impulsive force (II). The impulse stays the same and the time in the air does not change, so no option is fully correct. Any answer is accepted.) Diagram 3 shows an athlete bending his legs when landing in a long jump event. Why does the athlete need to bend his legs? I To reduce the impulse II To reduce the impulsive force III To increase the time in the air IV To get maximum distance flag bookmark A I and II B I and IV C II and III D III and IV
6 Graph 1 shows the relationship between gravitational force and mass for objects near the Earth's surface. The gradient of the graph represents flag bookmark A Acceleration due to gravity B Universal gravitational constant C Object weight D Object momentum T4 Chapter 2.8 Weight Gravitational force F = mg, so a graph of F against m is a straight line through the origin with gradient F/m = g, the acceleration due to gravity.
7 Diagram 4 shows a planet of mass m moving in a circular orbit of radius r around the Sun of mass M. The planet takes an orbital period T to complete one revolution. Which of the following shows the correct relationship between T and m, M, r? flag bookmark A T ∝ m² B T ∝ Mm C T ∝ r³ D T² ∝ r³ T4 Chapter 3.2 Kepler's Laws Kepler's third law: T² = (4π²/GM) r³, so T² ∝ r³. The period does not depend on the planet's mass m, and it decreases (not increases) when the Sun's mass M is larger. (Note: the answer scheme gives B; on checking, our AI thinks D is more accurate, so both B and D are accepted.)
8 Diagram 5 shows the launch of a rocket into space. What is the minimum velocity required by the rocket to be launched into outer space? [Given that M = 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg, G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻² and R = 6.37 × 10⁶ m] flag bookmark A 2.03 × 10³ m s⁻¹ B 1.12 × 10⁴ m s⁻¹ C 2.44 × 10⁴ m s⁻¹ D 1.12 × 10⁵ m s⁻¹ T4 Chapter 3.3 Man-made Satellites The minimum velocity is the escape velocity v = √(2GM/R) = √(2 × 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ × 5.97 × 10²⁴ ÷ 6.37 × 10⁶) ≈ 1.12 × 10⁴ m s⁻¹.
9 What is the concept used in measuring the temperature of coffee using a thermometer? flag bookmark A Thermal convection B Specific heat capacity C Specific latent heat D Thermal equilibrium T4 Chapter 4.1 Thermal Equilibrium Heat flows between the coffee and the thermometer until both are at the same temperature (thermal equilibrium). Only then does the thermometer show the temperature of the coffee.
10 A substance is heated at a steady rate. It changes from a solid to a liquid, and then to a gas. Graph 2 shows how its temperature changes with time. Which section of the process involves the specific latent heat of vaporisation? flag bookmark A Section P B Section Q C Section R D Section S T4 Chapter 4.3 Specific Latent Heat S is the second flat section, where the liquid boils into gas at constant temperature. The heat absorbed there is the latent heat of vaporisation. Q is melting (latent heat of fusion).