1 Diagram 1 shows a top view of a turtle. What is the direction of the view? flag bookmark A Posterior B Anterior C Ventral D Dorsal T4 Chapter 1.3 Communicating in Biology Looking at an animal from above shows its back, which is the dorsal side. Ventral is the belly side, anterior is the head end and posterior is the tail end.
2 Diagram 2 shows a tissue organisation in plant. Which of the following cell component is mostly found in tissue Q? flag bookmark A Chloroplast B Mitochondrion C Golgi apparatus D Rough endoplasmic reticulum T5 Chapter 1.1 Organisation of Plant Tissues Meristematic tissue is divided into apical meristem (Q) and lateral meristem. Apical meristem cells divide actively by mitosis, which needs a lot of energy, so they have many mitochondria. Meristem cells have no chloroplasts.
3 Diagram 3 shows a movement of substance X across a plasma membrane. What is the function of substance X to the cell? flag bookmark A Speed up the transport of solutes into the cells. B Stabilize and strengthen the cell. C Make plasma membrane more flexible. D Enable the cell to synthesis plasma protein and enzymes. T4 Chapter 3.3 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms Substance X is a small polar molecule such as an amino acid, which enters the cell through a transport protein. Inside the cell, amino acids are used to build proteins such as plasma proteins and enzymes.
4 Diagram 4 shows the condition of unicellular organism in fresh water. What will happen to the organism if it is placed in seawater? flag bookmark A Not experience any changes B Expand faster C Shrink and eventually die D Burst and die T4 Chapter 3.4 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane and Its Application in Daily Life Seawater is hypertonic to the cytoplasm of a freshwater organism such as Amoeba. Water leaves the cell by osmosis faster than the contractile vacuole can make up for it, so the cell shrinks (crenates) and eventually dies.
5 Which of the following is the nitrogenous base for RNA? flag bookmark A Adenine, guanine, thymine, uracil B Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine C Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil D Adenine, cytosine, thymine, uracil T4 Chapter 4.5 Nucleic Acids RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. Thymine is found only in DNA, where it takes the place of uracil.
6 Diagram 5 shows the process of extracellular enzymes production. Which parts labelled A, B, C or D is a secretory vesicle? flag bookmark A A B B C C D D T4 Chapter 5.2 Enzyme Enzymes made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (A) travel in transport vesicles (B) to the Golgi apparatus (C), where they are modified and packed into secretory vesicles. D is a secretory vesicle moving to the plasma membrane to release the enzyme by exocytosis.
7 Diagram 6 is a graph that shows the effect of pH on the enzyme R activity. Which of the following describe the uses of enzyme R? | | Name of enzyme | The use of enzymes in industry | |---|---|---| | A | Pepsin | Separates the fish skin | | B | Trypsin | Used in bio detergent | | C | Pepsin | Breakdown proteins in the fruit juice | | D | Trypsin | Extract fur from animal hide | flag bookmark A Pepsin – Separates the fish skin B Trypsin – Used in bio detergent C Pepsin – Breakdown proteins in the fruit juice D Trypsin – Extract fur from animal hide T4 Chapter 5.3 Application of Enzymes in Daily Life Enzyme R works best at pH 9, so it is trypsin (pepsin works at about pH 2). In the leather industry trypsin is used to remove hair (fur) from animal hides. Fish skin is removed with protease, and detergents use lipase and protease that suit washing conditions.
8 Diagram 7 shows the process of cell division by an organism that has 30 chromosomes. How many numbers of chromosomes in organism S and T after the division? | | Organism S | Organism T | |---|---|---| | A | 30 | 30 | | B | 30 | 15 | | C | 15 | 15 | | D | 15 | 30 | flag bookmark A 30 – 30 B 30 – 15 C 15 – 15 D 15 – 30 T4 Chapter 6.2 Cell Cycle and Mitosis The organism (Hydra) reproduces by budding, which uses mitosis. Mitosis produces cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, so both S and T have 30 chromosomes.
9 Diagram 8 shows the different phases of a cell cycle. Which of the following sequences correctly shows the phase occurred in T? flag bookmark A B C D T4 Chapter 6.2 Cell Cycle and Mitosis T is the short M phase (mitosis) of the cell cycle. Mitosis goes prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes line up at the equator), anaphase (chromatids pulled to the poles) and telophase (two nuclei form). Sequence B shows this order.
10 Diagram 9 shows a product resulting from the respiration process. What is the process? flag bookmark A Alcohol fermentation B Aerobic respiration C Lactic acid fermentation T4 Chapter 7.3 Fermentation Doughnuts and bread rise because yeast carries out alcohol fermentation, releasing carbon dioxide that makes the dough expand. The ethanol evaporates during baking.