1 Diagram 1 shows a graph for an experiment. Which of the following statements are correct about the graph? I X represents the responding variable II Y is the factor that is changed III The title of the graph is Y against X IV The graph is used to make comparisons between items in X flag bookmark A I and II B I and III C II and IV D III and IV T4 Chapter 1.4 Scientific Investigation in Biology X on the horizontal axis is the manipulated variable and Y on the vertical axis is the responding variable, so I and II are wrong. A graph is titled 'Y against X' (III), and a bar chart like this compares separate items in X (IV).
2 The following statements are about cell component P. - Contains hydrolytic enzymes - Breaks down damaged cell components What is cell component P? flag bookmark A Ribosome B Lysosome C Golgi apparatus D Smooth endoplasmic reticulum T4 Chapter 2.1 Cell structure and function Lysosomes are sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that digest damaged organelles and other unwanted materials in the cell.
3 What will happen if there are no goblet cells in the epithelial tissue of the respiratory tract? flag bookmark A No expelling of mucus B No increase in mucus C No production of mucus D No decrease in mucus T4 Chapter 8.1 Types of Respiratory System Goblet cells secrete mucus, which traps dust and microorganisms in the respiratory tract. Without goblet cells, no mucus would be produced. Mucus is moved out by the cilia, not by goblet cells.
4 Which of the following substances can pass through the phospholipid bilayer? flag bookmark A Glycerol B Glucose C Amino acid D Vitamin B T4 Chapter 3.2 Concept of Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane Small lipid-soluble molecules such as glycerol, fatty acids and vitamins A, D, E and K can diffuse straight through the phospholipid bilayer. Glucose, amino acids and water-soluble vitamin B need carrier proteins.
5 Diagram 2 shows the condition of a plant cell before and after being immersed in solution Z. What is solution Z and the process involved? | | Solution Z | Process | |---|---|---| | A | Hypertonic | Deplasmolysis | | B | Hypotonic | Plasmolysis | | C | Hypertonic | Plasmolysis | | D | Hypotonic | Deplasmolysis | flag bookmark A Hypertonic – Deplasmolysis B Hypotonic – Plasmolysis C Hypertonic – Plasmolysis D Hypotonic – Deplasmolysis T4 Chapter 3.3 Movement of Substances Across a Plasma Membrane in Living Organisms After immersion the vacuole has shrunk and the cytoplasm has pulled away from the cell wall. The cell has lost water by osmosis, so solution Z is hypertonic and the process is plasmolysis.
6 Which group of elements builds up protein? flag bookmark A Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus B Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen C Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen D Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus T4 Chapter 4.3 Protein All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (some also contain sulphur). Phosphorus is found in nucleic acids and phospholipids, not in most proteins.
7 The following information is about the process of removing fur from animal hides in the leather industry. | | | |---|---| | Enzyme used | Trypsin | | pH | 7.5 | | Temperature | 45 °C | | Rate of process | Low | Which step should be taken to reduce the duration of the process? flag bookmark A Increase the temperature to 65 °C B Increase the pH to 8.5 C Reduce the amount of animal hides D Reduce the concentration of trypsin T4 Chapter 5.3 Application of Enzymes in Daily Life Trypsin works best in slightly alkaline conditions (about pH 8–9). Raising the pH to 8.5 brings it closer to its optimum, so the enzyme works faster. At 65 °C the enzyme would be denatured, and less trypsin would slow the process.
8 Diagram 3 shows a cell cycle. Which phase labelled A, B, C or D, is involved in accumulation of energy? flag bookmark A A B B C C D D T4 Chapter 6.2 Cell Cycle and Mitosis Interphase is made up of the G1, S and G2 phases. Phase C comes just before mitosis, so it is G2, where the cell builds up energy and makes the proteins and organelles it needs for division.
9 Diagram 4 shows the characteristics of an individual with a genetic disorder. Characteristics: - Stiff neck - Infertile - Lack of female secondary sex characteristics What is the similarity in terms of gamete formation between the genetic disorder and Down syndrome? flag bookmark A Cytokinesis does not occur after telophase I B Homologous chromosomes do not pair during prophase I C Nuclear membrane does not form during telophase II D Spindle fibres do not contract during anaphase II T4 Chapter 6.4 Issues of Cell Division on Human Health The features describe Turner syndrome (45, XO). Both Turner syndrome and Down syndrome are caused by non-disjunction, where chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis because the spindle fibres do not pull them apart, for example during anaphase II.
10 Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? flag bookmark A Mitochondria B Cytoplasm C Nucleus T4 Chapter 7.2 Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, takes place in the cytoplasm. The later stages of aerobic respiration happen in the mitochondria.